organ: Greece musical instrument

In music, the organ is a keyboard musical instrument of one or more divisions. Each of the divisions is played with its own keyboard, with the hands of the feet. The organ relatively is an old musical instrument in the western musical tradition, dating back to the time of Ctesibius of Alexandria, who is credited with the invention of the hydraulis. Around the 18^th century, it had overcome early links with the gladiatorial combat and simultaneously assumed a popular place in the liturgy of the Catholic Church. Subsequently, the musical instrument re-emerged as a secular and recital musical instrument.

source of picture: shengle.en.made-in-china.com 

PIPE ORGANS use wind moving via pipes to manufacture sounds, since the 16^th century, pipe organs have used different materials of pipes that can differ widely in tone quality and volume of the instrument. The pipes are divided into ranks and controlled by the use of hand stops and combination pistons. Although the musical instrument is not expressive as the piano and does not affect dynamics, some divisions on the instrument may be enclosed in a swell box, permitting the dynamics to be controlled by shutters. Some special registers with free reed pipes are more expressive. The musical instrument differ greatly in size, ranging from a cubic yard to a height reaching five floor and are built in churches, synagogues, concert halls and homes of the players. The smaller versions of the instrument are known as positive or portative. Increasingly hybrid versions of the musical instrument are showing up in which pipes are intensified with electronic additions.

NON-PIPED ORGANS include the reed organ or harmonium that uses air to excite free reed like the accordion and harmonica.

ELECTRONIC ORGAN or DIGITAL ORGAN, notably the Hammond organ, makes electronically manufacture sound via one or more loudspeakers.

MECHANICAL ORGANS include the water organ, orchestrion and barrel organ. These are controlled by mechanical ways like pinned barrels or book music. Little barrel organs distribute with the hands of a player and bigger organs are powered by an organ grinder in most cases or other means like the electric motor as seen in the present days.

Pipe organs are the grandest musical instrument in size and in scope. The musical instrument has existed in its current form since the 14^th century. Together with the clock, the instrument was considered to be one of the most complex human-made mechanical inventions before the Industrial Revolution. The pipe organs range in size from single short keyboard to huge musical instrument with over 10,000 pipes. A large contemporary version of the organ typically has three or four keyboards with five octaves each and a two-and-a-half octave pedal board.

The musical instrument was called king of musical instruments by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Some of the biggest musical instruments have 64-foot pipes and it sounds to an eight Hz frequency fundamental tone. Probably the most unique feature of the instrument is the ability of the instrument to range from the slightest sound to the most powerful sounds, plein-jeu impressive sonic discharge that can be sustained in time indefinitely by the player of the organ.

Most of the organs found in Europe and Americas and Australasia can be seen more in the Christian churches or Jewish synagogues. The introduction of the church organ is traditionally linked to Pope Vitalian in the 7^th century. Because of its ability to gradually provide a musical foundation below the vocal register, support in the vocal register and increased brightness above the vocal register, the musical instrument is ideally suited to accompany the voices of the singers, whether a congregation, a choir or a cantor or soloist. Most services also include solo repertoire for independent playing instead of the way of accompaniment, usually as a prelude at the starting of the service and a postlude at the ending period of the service.

 Today, this organ may be a pipe organ, a digital or electronic organ, which ghenerates the sound with digital signal processing chips or combination of pipes and electronics. This version may be called a church organ or classical organ to distinguish it from the theater organ that is a different pattern of musical instrument. Meanwhile, as classical organ repertoire was built for the pipe organ and in turn influenced the development of the instrument, the line between a church and a concert organ is difficult to draw.

The musical instruments are also used to give recital concerts known as organ recitals. In the early part of the 20^th century, symphonic organs flourished in secular venues in the United States and United Kingdom, fashioned to replace symphony orchestras by playing transcriptions of the orchestral pieces. The symphonic and the orchestral versions of the instrument were discarded as the organ reform movement took hold in the middle part of the 20^th century and the producers of the musical instrument started to look to historical models for inspirations in manufacturing new musical instruments. Today, modern day producers of the instrument carve organs in many styles and for both secular and sacred applications.

A chamber organ is a small pipe organ, usually with one keyboard, and sometimes without separate pedal pipe that is kept in a small room that this small sized organ can fill with sound. It is usually enclosed to chamber organ repertoire, as usual the instrument have little voice capabilities to rival the grand pipe in performance of the classics. The sound and touch of the instrument are distinctive to the instrument, sounding nothing like the large version of the instrument with few stops drawn out but instead more intimate. They are normally tracker instruments, but the modern producers of the instrument are usually constructing electropneumatic chamber organs.

The theatre organ or cinema organ was projected to accompany the silent movies. Like the symphonic organ, the musical instrument is made to replace an orchestra. Meanwhile, it includes many more gadgets like the percussion and social effects, to give out a more complete array of options to the player of the theatre organ. This version of the musical instrument pose not to take nearly as much as standard organs, depending on the extension and higher wind pressure to manufacture a greater variety of tone and bigger volume of sounds from fewer pipes.

The bamboo organ is also called bambuso sonoro. It is an experimental custom made musical instrument fabricated by Hans van Koolwijk. The musical instrument has 100 flutes that are made of bamboo.

The pump organ or harmonium was the other primary type of the instrument before the electronic organ was developed. The musical instrument generated its sounds using reeds that are analogous to those of a piano accordion. The harmonium is smaller, portable and cheaper than the corresponding pipe instrument, and this version of the instrument were commonly used in smaller churches and in private homes. The volume of the instrument and the tonal range was extremely limited and they were commonly limited to one or two keyboard, pedal boards being highly rare.

The chord organ was fabricated by Laurens Hammonds in the year 1950. The musical instrument provided chord buttons for the left hand analogous to the accordion. Other reed organ producers have also manufactured chord organs.

Since the 1930s, pipeless electric musical instrument have been available to manufacture analogous sounds and perform other functions to pipe organs. Most of these have been bought by both houses of worship and other relevant customers of the musical instrument, and also by many musicians both amateur and professional for whom a pipe organ would not be a possibility. This musical instrument is far smaller and cheaper to buy than a corresponding pipe version of the instrument, and in many cases portable, the musical instrument have taken organ melodies into private homes and into dance bands and other new environments, and have almost completely substituted the reed organ.